ROME, Jan 26 (IPS) – In a wiser world, the time period ‘treating someone like dirt’ can be a very good factor. In any case, 15 of the 18 vitamins important to vegetation are provided by soils and round 95% of the meals we eat comes instantly or not directly from them, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
So dust is definitely a treasured useful resource that deserves to be handled with respect, care and even perhaps a bit love.
Sadly, humanity has been treating soil ‘like dirt’ within the conventional sense of the time period, abusing it with air pollution, unsustainable industrial agricultural practices and the overexploitation of pure assets.
The result’s that about one third of the world’s soils are degraded, the FAO says. At this fee, 90% of all soils are set to be degraded by 2050.
“When we talk about soil health, we then get to human health,” Carolina Olivera, an agronomist with the FAO’s Global Soil Partnership (GSP),” instructed IPS.
“We are here now with high levels of soil degradation because of many factors, some natural. You can have soil erosion because there is a steep slope and water is circulating and taking all the sediments. But, above all, you can also have bad soil management, intensive practices, bad livestock practices with too many animals per hectare, and monocropping, so no rotation.”
“If we have monocropping, soils will not be in good health because the same crop is always extracting the same nutrients, so some nutrients will be missing. It’s the same as with human diets. If we always eat sugar, we will have too much sugar and not enough vitamins. Biodiversity is very important for everything, starting with soils and right the way up to our diets”.
The lack of soil fertility signifies that land is now much less productive and lots of cereals, greens and fruits should not as wealthy in nutritional vitamins and vitamins as they have been 70 years in the past.
“This nutrient imbalance in soil will affect crops, it will affect plants and it will affect humans and all nutrition,” Olivera defined. It’ll have an effect on it with lowering yields. Yields are lowering every single day. Farmers are rising the amount of fertilizers they use they usually don’t perceive why yields are nonetheless lowering.
“The standard of the meals can also be lowering. Meals now has extra macronutrients and fewer micronutrients, which implies we shouldn’t have sufficient parts to synthesize nutritional vitamins, to synthesize different metabolisms which are essential for our organism.
“So you have hidden hunger, where you have enough calories but you don’t have enough minerals or the adequate specific minerals that you need to have good nutrition and good health. The result is that we have some immunity diseases and other kinds of diseases developing.
“So it’s a long chain, from the soil to the nutrients, and to the quality of nutrition humans can have in the end”.
The local weather disaster is making issues worse, with greater temperatures sucking moisture out of the soil to make it much less fertile and tougher to deal with. In a chemical evaluation, you may have all the weather within the soil, so that you don’t perceive why there’s a downside,” Olivera mentioned.
“But then, when you start looking at the soil in detail, you can see, for example, that the soil is compacted, like concrete. So the chemical elements are there. But it’s like concrete, so the roots cannot penetrate and the roots cannot grow. So this is soil health.
Another consequence of the climate crisis, more frequent extreme weather events, is bad for soil health too, with severe droughts often being followed by storms and floods that wash away sediments, The FAO is taking action at many levels to combat the problem.
The GSP, for example, has developed digital mapping systems that illustrate soil conditions so countries and national institutions can boost their capacities and make informed decisions to manage soil degradation.
It has also produced guidelines to help national governments adopt policies for soil management and for the sustainable use of fertilizers. The UN agency is also rolling up its sleeves to help smallholder farmers in the Global South, who are among the blameless victims of the climate crisis, to cope with the impact global heating is having on their soils.
Its initiatives on this front include the ‘soil doctors’ farmer-to-farmer training programme. “This means we train a farmer and that farmer trains the whole community – with their own language,” Olivera mentioned.
“We provide them with posters with drawings so the farmer is able to explain to other farmers. We also provide them with some very simple exercises, such as digging a hole in the soil to see the texture and see the smell of the soil and see why one smell is good and another is bad. And we show them to feel it, as they do every day, but also providing them with the scientific knowledge to support them in their everyday work.
“For example, when you have soil that is not breathing because of too much water, it smells like rotting food. In that case, we can do some drainage, we can establish some practices, dig some terraces. So we learn with them. We see from the environment what we can do, what materials we have access to, see if we can circulate the water better by digging canals. And together we also select the practices that they can teach to other farmers”.
The FAO doesn’t have to pay the farmers to cross on the information, as being a soil physician brings its personal rewards.
“We provide them with visibility within their communities. We call the soil doctors champion farmers because they are the farmers who are always trying new things. They are the ones who are worried about their community and are willing to learn a lot. They are happy when they learn. We provide them with knowledge and with kits to do some testing in the field.
Another important incentive for them is that they become part of a community of soil doctors around the world. “They can exchange experiences with each other. You can have a soil doctor in Bolivia exchanging with one in the Philippines because, for example, they both grow cocoa. So belonging to a network is important for them too as they sometimes feel very isolated in their field.
“I recently went to Bangladesh to give farmers soil-doctor certificates and they were so proud. They said the soil is ours and it is what we are going to leave to our children. We need to make decisions about our soils ourselves and we have the capacity to do so”.
© Inter Press Service (2023) — All Rights ReservedOriginal source: Inter Press Service
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